Simplified Chinese
Problems with the lungs are serious! Children, the elderly, and pregnant women should be on alert for pneumonia! … Learn more about the pneumonia vaccine—
Release date:
2019-09-29
Author:
Article/Excerpted from Vaccine Circle
Source:
Abstract
As soon as winter arrives, pneumonia cases surge, leaving the elderly, children, and pregnant women particularly vulnerable. Just yesterday, someone might have been perfectly healthy; overnight, they could be struck down by bacteria or viruses, developing pneumonia—crying out to no avail, calling for help but receiving no response, struggling to breathe, suffering from headaches, and requiring daily intravenous drips. In more severe cases, the consequences can be even more alarming…
Why is pneumonia referred to as the “number one killer” of children’s health and the “scourge” of elderly health?
Pneumonia is a common and severe infectious disease worldwide, posing an especially grave threat to children. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 70–100 million cases occur globally each year. Ten thousand five Children under the age of [age] die from diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, with approximately one every 15 [time unit] worldwide. Every second, a child dies from pneumonia. Pneumonia is known as the “number one killer” of children’s health.
Pediatric pneumonia is also a serious disease that threatens children’s health in China, with both its incidence and mortality rates higher than those in developed countries. In China, respiratory tract infections account for 60% of all outpatient visits in pediatric departments. 80%– %, approximately 30 each year Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among infants and young children, and it is one of the “four major diseases” that the Ministry of Health has designated as priority targets for prevention and control in children.
70 Older adults, as well as patients with underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, or malignant tumors, are also at high risk for pneumonia.
Pregnant women are also a susceptible population for pneumonia. Pneumonia is a common non-obstetric infection among pregnant women and one of the leading causes of non-obstetric mortality. During pregnancy, pneumonia can readily progress to bacteremia or sepsis, with complications such as shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, and renal failure—often resulting in multiorgan dysfunction and death.
How is pneumonia transmitted?
Pneumonia can spread in various ways. Certain bacteria and viruses may colonize a child’s nasal cavity or throat without causing illness under normal circumstances, but they can become pathogenic when the immune system is weakened. Bacteria and viruses can also be transmitted through the air via coughing or sneezing. Why are children, the elderly, and pregnant women more susceptible to pneumonia? Under what conditions should one be vigilant about the possibility of pneumonia?
Children, due to the incomplete development of their immune systems and weaker resistance, are more susceptible to invasion by various microorganisms, particularly at 6… months to 2 Children of a certain age. If a child’s cold is not treated promptly and appropriately, it may also lead to pneumonia.
Older adults, due to weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions, are also more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections.
Due to their physiological characteristics, pregnant women experience a degree of immune suppression, which increases their risk of developing pneumonia during pregnancy. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not receive the pneumococcal vaccine, making preventive measures all the more critical.
Pneumonia
How can pneumonia be prevented? Prevention?
Vaccination against pneumococcus is an effective measure for preventing pneumococcal pneumonia and holds significant public health economic value.
lung
What types of pneumonia vaccines are available?
Currently, the pneumococcal vaccines widely used fall into two main categories: polysaccharide vaccines (23 Polyosaccharide vaccine, suitable for 2 (For individuals aged … and above) and conjugate vaccines (13… Price, can be used for 2 Infants and young children under the age of [age].
Key target groups for pneumococcal vaccination:
I. Selective Vaccination
①50 Age 50 and above Those aged years and above.
② Individuals with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, or impaired liver and kidney function.
③ Patients with immunodeficiency, such as those who have undergone splenectomy or have splenic dysfunction.
④ Individuals with other chronic conditions—such as alcohol abuse, diabetes, chronic cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or immunosuppression—are at increased risk of developing more severe pneumococcal disease, or of experiencing recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and sinusitis.
⑤ Patients with Hodgkin’s disease.
II. Mass Vaccination
① Individuals in close contact with the group, such as those in boarding schools, nursing homes, and other similar settings.
② Individuals at high risk of developing complications from influenza, particularly pneumonia.
③ When an outbreak of a particular serotype of pneumococcus occurs, the community population constitutes a high-risk group.
Note: Who should not receive the pneumonia vaccine?
Individuals allergic to any component of the vaccine;
Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy;
Patients with severe heart disease or pulmonary dysfunction;
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Why is “combined vaccination” considered more effective?
Unity is strength; combining influenza vaccination with the 23‑valent vaccine… The same holds true for pneumonia vaccines. Since influenza often leads to pneumonia, co-administration of influenza and pneumonia vaccines can yield twice the results with half the effort, reducing hospitalization rates associated with chronic lung disease by 63%. , the overall mortality rate decreased by 81% ！
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