Simplified Chinese
A Great Journey to Benefit Humanity—HIV Vaccine Development!
Release date:
2017-09-26
Author:
Excerpted from BioValley
Source:
BioValley
Abstract
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have developed a strategy that could revolutionize vaccine design. This new approach is being used to create vaccines capable of preventing HIV infection and the progression to AIDS.
Vaccines are an essential tool for preventing and treating serious infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, varicella, and measles. However, to date, it has not been possible to develop vaccines that can both treat and prevent chronic infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis C.
This new research paves the way for vaccines that, unlike conventional approaches, can bolster the immune system’s ability to target viral genetic segments that are least active during infection, thereby prolonging the immune system’s protective response against the virus.
Traditional vaccines typically elicit a strong immune response against the parts of a virus to which the immune system is most sensitive. However, this response is often so robust that it exhausts the immune system, leaving it unable to completely eliminate the virus. To address this, researchers have developed a vaccine that boosts immune cells targeting less‑exposed regions of the virus. As a result, these cells can better distribute the workload and sustain long‑lasting protection against viral attacks. This gives the immune system more time to mount an effective defense, potentially eradicating any remaining virus.
“We are offering a completely new vaccine approach: our vaccine helps the immune system develop an effective defense against the virus, rather than immediately targeting its most virulent components. When combined with other vaccines, this strategy has the potential to deliver highly efficient results,” said Professor Peter Holst, head of the research group and professor in the Department of Immunology and Microbiology.
In 2008, the research team decided to develop a novel vaccine strategy that elicits a so‑called strong immune response against the vaccine’s weakly immunogenic components. The study initially focused on mice and will later shift to primates.
Now, the research team’s findings show that this technology can control SIV infection (simian immunodeficiency virus) in monkeys. SIV is a chronic infectious disease and a highly relevant model for HIV. These results represent an important step toward developing vaccines against HIV and other chronic infections.
“Our next phase of work is to establish viral control in the later stages among all infected animals and humans. We believe it is possible to identify further refinements to our experiments, thereby developing a well‑functioning vaccine—initially targeting HIV, and also effective against other chronic infections,” said Peter Holst.
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